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Indian Society & Social Change and Development in India
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Also read: SL Arora Physics Class 12 Pdf, 11 Pdf Download
NCERT Sociology Class 12 Pdf Download
Part 1: Indian Society
Chapter 1 – Introducing Indian Society
Chapter 2 – The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society
Chapter 3 – Social Institutions Continuity and Change
Chapter 4 – The Market as a Social Institution
Chapter 5 – Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion
Chapter 6 – The Challenges of Cultural Diversity
Chapter 7 – Suggestions for Project Work
Part 2: Social Change and Development in India
Chapter 1 – Structural Change
Chapter 2 – Cultural Change
Chapter 3 – The Story of Indian Democracy
Chapter 4 – Change and Development in Rural Society
Chapter 5 – Change and Development in Industrial Society
Chapter 6 – Globalisation and Social Change
Chapter 7 – Mass Media and Communications
Chapter 8 – Social Movements
Book Review:
First, you need to go through the syllabus and then come back to NCERTs 11 and 12 of Sociology.
Then go through the content page and finish those chapters which according to you are irrelevant from UPSC's point of view the chapter on research methodology (class 11) is not important if sociology is not optional so it can be skipped.
So by doing this you will have hardly 4 to 5 chapters left which you can read to understand society and social issues which will help in essay and gs1.
Once you have read these go through the UPSC Previous Year Question Papers and try to make such answers in which you can fit the material studied.
Secondly, make your own notes of the concepts or material that you find very productive and which will help you in your answer writing.
This will come in handy during revision instead of re-reading the entire book. Make sure you make notes only if you have read the book at least twice.
Third, do it all if you have time and studied core subjects like Geography, Politics etc.
Fourth, if Sociology is your optional then it is important to read NCERTs of Sociology that you cannot skip these at any cost as it will form the basis of your preparation for the optional.
Short Term Strategy-
This is for those who are concentrating on this year's exam.
Make online as well as written notes. Online in Evernote. When you like an answer/topic from Insights, Isbaba, IDSA etc., copy (but selectively) them to your account under a special heading. These notes are useful everywhere like while traveling, sitting with boring relatives etc.
Written- cutting in copy or in file. When you read the newspaper/Yojana/Kurukshetra, cut out the selected portion and put it in the file. Write when you listen to a particular topic on-air news, tv programs, read a book, etc.
Make a schedule for 6 days a week. Reserve the 7th day for revision of notes on/offline. Not only revise them but reduce them to a minimum, like from 2 pages to one, and then halved till the exam comes.
Don't leave anything undone when it comes to prelims. (Apart from devising the basics from textbooks)
I sat down one day and made a list of obscure things like names of national parks, rivers, GI tags, Republic Day tableau, international conventions, and such. Reports, recent Padma winners, UNESCO sites, programs under ministries, etc.
Now, don't make the list in a day. It will be busy and cannot be missed. Just keep an eye on the newspaper when something related comes up.
Politics gives an edge in prelims. Do not miss any mark in that part. Read Laxmikant as much as you can. Geography could also be done easily.
You can check rstv's science monitoring program for current scientific developments.
Writing practice is essential. This gives you an extra margin of a few seconds per question which is very important.
For example, without practice, I would have written this - in AFSPA, there is no punishment for the soldiers of the army. With practice, I would have written – Under AFSPA the Indian Army gets impunity.
Look, I shortened the sentence and used a better word. Such small improvements can happen only if you write every day.
long term strategy-
- Don't just read books, inspect the surroundings and take the time to visit the villages. feel the life
- Take some time out for spirituality. It will help you to realize that nothing is more important than your own happiness, not even rank one in UPSC. This will prepare you to handle every challenge UPSC related or otherwise with calmness. (As I lovingly followed Jain Spiritualism).
- Read some non-fiction (not directly related to UPSC) in your leisure time. Like I read Pax Indica by Shashi Tharoor, Makers of Modern India by Guha, A Brief History of Time by Hawking etc.
- These will inadvertently give you an extra edge somewhere. For example, I read a fantasy novel in class 10th, where the genie lived in Golan High and guessed that this question was asked in prelims. At the very least, these will help prepare you as a mature person.
- Try expressing yourself with your normal friends. Like I used to tell my friends the dilemma of international date line by making interesting story. Once my friend messaged that she wanted to read about Kalamji. I took advantage of that opportunity to tell him about his whole initiative and gifted him wings of fire.
- Try to study according to the seasons. Like sitting on the lawn and study geography, the environment during the rainy season. Believe me all the wind conditions, cyclonic conditions, seasonal turns etc will come to your mind.
- Similarly, winter nights are reserved for old stories. Then read history. Read how Clive was deceived during the Gauri attack etc and the black years and softly slept in his quilt.
- Also, afternoon time is reserved for official work. Thus, dedicate it to politics and the economy. (These are all just a few ways.
- When the exams are approaching, these strategies will not work but they are quite useful for the candidates in the long run). The closer you are to nature, the more you will be able to concentrate. In monsoon, I used to study on the terrace. It gives immense pleasure.
- Don't spread too much about your preparation. This can put extra pressure on you.
- Read various articles ranging from Ida, Pib.nib, Guardian, EPW etc.
- Write something which is not directly related to upsc. I wrote a lot which you can see in my notes on Facebook (also published in One Hindu (On Transgender)). This will help you broaden your thought ethic.
- Write the answer in the morning and evaluate yourself in the evening. Do not rate immediately. In the evening check the answer from the teacher's mindset and do strict marking. That way, you'll know exactly what the teacher wants. When I used to do that, I used to be very proud of myself for writing a ridiculous answer. Also take the help of your friends.
- List some international conventions/charters etc. They help to embellish the answer. As one can write in the recommendation – India is doing its best to stop child trafficking.
- But you can write- According to the blah blah convention, India is a signatory to the prevention of child trafficking at the global level.
- List some short but good dialogues. But don't waste enough time on that. Just note them down whenever you encounter them.
- Remember some key points like public awareness, observance of worldly practices (remember some examples from Finland, Singapore etc.), political will, red tape, environmental impact, etc. These points are useful to increase the length of the answer. You can use such points at the end, not from the beginning. The beginning calls for concrete points.
- Take a balanced approach.
- Always keep a small piece of paper with you. Many times we don't know something while reading and we think that we will find it out later. But later we used to forget him. That little paper can be used to note down all the doubts that are to be solved later.
- Do something that inspires and inspires you. Like I used to have a big pen holder and I used to motivate myself by saying that I have to fill it with a blank pen before the exam. I did much more than that. I even made a small dot on the wall, above the table, and vowed to write pages whose stacks would touch that point. I managed it too.
- Use YouTube a lot but with the determination that I will watch the same video for which I am opening the site. Otherwise, we first watch the video on Coriolis Force and then watch the trailer of Civil War.
- If you ever feel sad listen to music/watch a video. I used to listen to Ar Rahman and watch a series of friends. When listening to love songs, consider books about your love and success as your ultimate destiny (I remember my first love was Spectrum). It helped me keep up with those books every time! I used to watch Novak Djokovic's matches too. In some matches, he played not only against Roger Federer but also against the whole crowd, who believed that Roger would be the winner.
- Take breaks from time to time. Meet friends, watch movies (I watched PK and Piku), and come back refreshed again.
- There is little difference between discussing the syllabus and discussing around the syllabus. I have seen many discussions which start with good faith but hate different coaching institutes and teachers, favor political parties, praise other for how much they have studied etc. Use the discussion as a last resort.
- do not fool yourself. Many times we watch documentaries or other war films and tell ourselves that we are doing something related to studies. They may be related but vaguely and are consuming precious time.
- Never compare different success stories just to demoralize yourself. Read interviews and strategies for promotion. Otherwise that's what we do - he was very lucky. Very easy questions were asked from him. He had reservation. He had better facilities. Blah blah blah We have to remember that everything is not in our hands. What we can do, we have to do.
- Do not travel to different cities. I remember after completing one year I went to a city (even though I lived only in Delhi) when I went for mocks. I have never gone for any note/photocopy/magazine etc. The more you visit the store, the more disappointed you will be. Choose your material carefully and stick to it. If there is Laxmikant, don't curse DD Basu. If there is a cavity, don't care about Bipin Chandra, etc.
- Never let anyone tell you you can't do it.
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